Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Sexual Assault Among Women In the United States Essay
Sexual Assault Among Women In the United States Sexual Assault described in technical terms is defined as any sort of sexual activity between two or more people in which one of the people involved is involved against his or her will. (3) The description of against his or her will extends to varying degrees of aggression, ranging from indirect pressure to a direct physical attack. According to the Crime Victim Research and Treatment Center 1.3 adult women are sexually assaulted in the United States every minute. (1) Of these assaults 84% of the attacks occur by someone the victim knows. The Senate Judiciary Committee the United States sighted the United States as having the highest rate of sexual assaults per capita in theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦If a woman tries to repress her psychological response, does she develop a physical reaction? One type of disorder that develops among many women who have experienced sexual assault is called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. While the exact symptoms, and the length that PTSD l asts varies, the disorder is found among many victims of sexual assault. The symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder vary. They can include an increased level of anxiety, which can result in difficulty sleeping, concentrating, and an exaggerated response to noise. PTSD can affect a woman who has experienced sexual assault ability to remember past events, in particular events associated with her assault. (2) PTSD can cause feelings of detachment and numbness, as well as a desire to avoid anything that the victim might associate with her assault. While doctors have been able to identify the symptoms in many victims of sexual assault the exact cause of the disorder is still questioned. Is the disorder the bodys response to trauma? If so what relationship exists between the symptoms associated with PTSD as trauma? A strong correlation has been found between sufferers of PTSD and poor health. (3) PTSD can lead to depression and sickness. PTSD if not treated can also indirectly cause accidents that can affect a victims health. These accidents can be the result high levels of anxiety, of a lack of ability to focus, and a lack of ability to respond. PostShow MoreRelatedMilitary Sexual Trauma among US Servicewomen during Deployment700 Words à |à 3 PagesTitle of Article: Military Sexual Trauma among US Servicewomen during Deployment: A Qualitative study Date of article: February 2014 Source (Please attach copy of article): Burns, B., Grindlay, K., Holt, K., Manski, R., Grossman, D. (2014). Military sexual trauma among US servicewomen during deployment: A qualitative study. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 345-349. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1499845673?accountid=12387 ARTICLE SUMMARY: In the surveys theyRead MoreOverview Of Sexual Assault. Sexual Assault Is Quite Common1387 Words à |à 6 PagesOverview of Sexual Assault Sexual assault is quite common and one of the most underreported crimes in the world. L. N. Flair, D. L. Franko, and D. B. Herzog (2008) define sexual assault as ââ¬Å"an unwanted sexual encounter experienced by women from adolescence onwardâ⬠(p. 249). It has been discovered that around twelve to thirteen percent of females in the United States have experienced sexual assault (Briere Scott, 2015). Although sexual assault may be brief and only occur once, it can impactRead MoreAdult Sexual Assault Of Men Essay1557 Words à |à 7 Pages3. Methods Types of research in Prevalence and consequences of adult sexual assault of men: Review of empirical findings and state of the literature, consisted of systematic research of empirical studies on men at ASA published in the last 25 years. The research consisted of 204 potentially relevant articles on this topic. These articles were limited by empirical articles consisting of men addressed at ASA in North America and Europe. When researching sexually abused male victims whether to use behaviorallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking And Sexual Assault On College Campuses1411 Words à |à 6 PagesThe United States is a country of freedom. Most of people can find their lives which they want. Especially, the college students can join in some activates and clubs. Their campus lives are always fulfilling. However, there are still some dangers among the campus, and most is from the students themselves. Recent survey estimates provided by Fisher, Cullen, and Turner (2000) revealed that fo r every 1,000 women attending institutions of higher education, there may well be 35 incidents of rape in aRead MoreEssay on Military Sexual Assault: The Invisible War by T.K. Barwlow1711 Words à |à 7 PagesThroughout history, the United States Military has faced numerous scandals. From its role in the Vietnam War, to the Iran-Contra Affair, to the Iraq War, to the abuse and denial of due process rights to detainees currently held indefinitely at the detention center at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; the Department of Defense has undeniably raised many questions about its ethics and treatment toward both civilians and fellow members of the Armed Forces alike. One recent scandal, which would now appear to beRead MoreSexual Assault Essay examples1113 Words à |à 5 PagesSexual Assault described in technical terms is defined as any sort of sexual activity between two or more people in which one of the people involved is involved against his or her will. (3) The description of against his o r her will extends to varying degrees of aggression, ranging from indirect pressure to a direct physical attack. While sexual assaults are associated with the crime of rape, it may cover assaults which would not be considered rape. What constitutes a sexual assault is determinedRead MoreSexual Assault of Women in the Military1409 Words à |à 6 PagesWomen are a great strength and function unit in the United States Military today. The issues of sexual assault are affecting women serving in the battlefield which feminists would be concerned. The U.S. servicewomen in the military who have returned from war, the quantity of sexual assault they are forced to endure has not only been amplified, but disregarded and not picked up by military officials and fellow soldiers. Sexual assault is well-defined and occurs when a woman is not interested engagingRead MoreSexual Assault Is An Ongoing Crime That Is Common Among College Campuses986 Words à |à 4 PagesSexual Assault is an ongoing cri me that is common among college campuses. As a woman in college, it is frightening to go to school, where there is a possibility of becoming one of the five women who are victimized everyday in the United States. There is a constant fear for women who attend a college that have a history of reports on sexual assault. College campuses do not know how to handle sexual assault scandals. Colleges are mostly focused on keeping their image clean. According to Gail SullivanRead MoreCall to Action: Decreasing the Number of Sexual Assaults in the United States1570 Words à |à 7 Pagesto Action: Decreasing the Number of Sexual Assaults in the United States Sexual assault is a continued and rising problem in our society and women especially, should learn ways to reduce their risks of becoming an assault victim. The number of sexual assault cases is increasing at an alarming rate, making people think twice about what theyââ¬â¢re doing and with whom. ââ¬Å"Sexual assault is both a consequence and reinforcement of the power disparity between men and women. It is a violent act of power whichRead MoreRape And Sexual Assault On College Campuses919 Words à |à 4 PagesAccording to the United States Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s U.S Code 920 ââ¬â Article 120, sexual assault and rape (a form of sexual assault) are legally identified as ââ¬Å"sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual action perpetrated against a person without that person s consentâ⬠(H.R. Title 10 - Armed Forces 466). Now, in regards to why these individuals inflict these actions are summed up within the same U.S code in that they may be carried out by ââ¬Å"physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a person
Legal Framework of Australian Judicial System
Question: Describe about the Legal Framework of Australian Judicial System. Answer: Lawyer Industry Description Lawyers form a part of the legal framework of Australian judicial system. There are Solicitors and Barristers who assist Plaintiffs and Defendants to present their case before the Honourable Judge of the respective court of justice. Regulating Legislation Law professionals are regulated in Australia by Australia Solicitors Conduct Rules. Every province has their own legislations and rules like Legal Profession Uniform Law 2015 in NSW and Victoria, Legal Profession Conduct Rules 2010 in Western Australia, and the like(Lawcouncil, 2015). Industry Regulator The legal profession is controlled by Australian Independent Legal Regulators and the various legal services that exist in each province of Australia. Law council of Australia forms another body that governs the conduct of the Solicitors and Barristers. Qualification of service provider Anybody who wishes to become a lawyer needs to have requisite Undergraduate and / or Postgraduate degree in law from a registered university in Australia or any international university recognised in Australia. These are Bachelor of Laws (LLB) and Master of Laws (LLM). Hot Topics of the industry Senator Brandis had given a ruling that Solicitor General can give legal advice to the MPs. This was the dispute between Attorney General Brandis and Justin Gleeson. Gleeson wants the ruling overturned saying implications are serious. Brandis feels there is no cause of concern. Recent controversy about the industry Gaye Lyons had appealed to become a Juror in Australia. However, she is deaf and has lost the case. She had appealed in 2012 when she was prevented from being a juror in Brisbane. Interpreters are allowed in Australian courts and she argued that since she can also lip read, along with interpreter she should be allowed to practice. Court quashed it opining that in confidential deliberations interpreters are not allowed(Bbc, 2016). Builder of Residential Buildings Industry Description This industry belongs to the real estate sector of Australia. However, it relates to residential complexes and not commercial establishment. The other construction sector is the one of infrastructure. Regulating Legislation The regulating legislation for construction of residential buildings is acts like Building Act 1975, Building Regulation 2006. These acts provide the standards and requirements for the construction of buildings in Queensland. Similar laws exist elsewhere in Australia(Hpw, 2016). Industry Regulator The building and construction commissioner is the regulatory authority for the building constriction in Australia. This body controls the contractors and home owners alike and deal with licence, insurance and safety. Queensland Building and Construction Commission is one such regulatory body. Qualification of service provider A builder needs to have a license for erecting building in Australia. The builders need to have the minimum qualifications for applying for a builders license. The domestic builders need to undergo trainings and workshops on the same and become certified by the government. The qualifications required are CPC40110 Certificate IV in Building and Construction (Building) Hot Topics of the industry A woman died and a man was injured after falling from the building in Collingwood in Melbourne. The incident happened on 22nd October at 11:30AM ON Little Oxford Street. Circumstances to the fall are being investigated by the police(Abc, 2016). Recent controversy about the industry The most recent controversy lies in the fact that Home Australia group has gone into liquidation. This kills the hope of hundreds of people who were looking forward to move into their own homes. The company was owned by Senator Bob Day and the whole issue has been embroiled into controversy(Armitage, Harmsen, Scopelianos, 2016). Real Estate Agents Industry Description This industry deals in renting, buying selling of property all over Australia. The industry employs estate agents and companies that scout for rentable and saleable properties. It maintains a database of the properties that are on the offer. Similarly, it maintain database of the prospective buyers and renters who wish to avail their services. The job is to make the parties meet one another for servicing. Regulating Legislation There are many legal stipulates that govern the industry. The regulations that control the operations of the industry consist of Agents act 2003, residential Tenancies Act 1997, Agents Licensing Act, Land Agents Act 1994, Property Agents and Land Transaction Act 2005. These acts are applicable in various provinces of the country. Together, these provide the legal framework of legislation in Australia(Austlii, 2015). Industry Regulator The industry is regulated by the respective provincial governments that have department of land and buildings incorporated. Real estate in Australia is governed by the legal framework as mentioned above and no such certified regulatory body exists. The Real Estate Institute of Australia does some monitoring on the issue. The major regulation is through the legal framework of the country. Qualification of service provider Real Estate agents in Australia need to do some short courses to gain insights into the industry and the legal and ethical framework that drives the system. The courses are run by various institutes that have duration of a few months, lie Diploma in Property Services. These include the Real Estate Licence Qualifications as trained by Kaplan Professional. Real Estate agents and corporations need to be registered and seek licence before operating in the market. Hot Topics of the industry The hottest topic now under discussion is that after the global slump in property prices, will the real estate prices in Australia grow or not. Adelaide and Hobart have led the growth market in this respect. The suburbs of Melbourne and Brisbane have actually dropped in the prices. But again properties in New Town have seen an upbeat in the prices. Recent controversy about the industry The recent controversy was of ghost houses which have created a major ruckus in the real estate industry of the country. This seems to be a national scandal as mentioned in the major news papers and is seen to be an unscrupulous attempt to offset the losses made against the loss of rental from keeping a house empty(News, 2016). Franchising Industry Description The franchising industry works on the principle that the core activities are let out by the company to other smaller business partners who do the job on the behalf of the parent company. The parent company sets the methodology and the standards of operation for the sub agents, known as franchisee to operate. Regulating Legislation Franchisee laws in Australia are the set of rules governing the operations of the franchisee system in the country. The Franchising Code of Conduct 2015 is the prime regulation in this respect. The law sets forth the code of practices and determines the financial penalties for non compliance(Accc, 2015). Industry Regulator There is no industry regulator that operates in Australia. However, the government acts as a watchdog for the practices followed by the franchisees and the parent companies. Qualification of service provider The qualification need to be certified the respective provincial governments that regulate the franchisees and the parent company. The regulations call for the implementation of the services as defined by the franchisee unit towards the parent company and the population. Hot Topics of the industry The hottest topic of franchisee news is that Lord of the Fries has landed in Auckland in the franchisee model. This is in response to the Kiwis demand for the famous Australian joint to be present in their country. The company has kept the national image and opened the first store in Auckland. Recent controversy about the industry The controversy that has been going on long in the franchisee world is in regard to the safety conditions of the workers in the franchisee outlets. The franchisee maintains the quality and standards of the parent company to the tee, but it is a regular complain that the service conditions of the parent company are not meted out to the workers of the franchisee. Major brands have been globally embroiled in the controversy and Australia in no exception. References Abc. (2016, October). Woman dead, man critical after falling from Collingwood building. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from Abc: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-22/woman-dead-man-critical-after-falling-from-collingwood-building/7957210 Accc. (2015, January 01). Franchising Code of Conduct. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from Accc: https://www.accc.gov.au/business/industry-codes/franchising-code-of-conduct Armitage, R., Harmsen, N., Scopelianos, S. (2016, October). Bob Day: Hundreds of homes in doubt as senator's building company collapses. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from Abc: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-17/families-facing-uncertain-future-amid-home-australia-collapse/7939842 Austlii. (2015, December 15). Property Agents and Land Transaction Act 2005. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from Austlii: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/consol_act/paalta2005390/ Bbc. (2016, October 05). Gaye Lyons: Australian deaf woman loses legal battle to be juror. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from Bbc: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-37560350 Hpw. (2016). Building laws and codes. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from Hpw: https://www.hpw.qld.gov.au/construction/BuildingPlumbing/Building/BuildingLawsCodes/Pages/default.aspx Lawcouncil. (2015, July 01). Legal Profession Uniform Law. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from lawcouncil: https://www.lawcouncil.asn.au/lawcouncil/current-issues/legal-uniform-professional-law-consultation News. (2016). finance real estate buying australias ghost suburbs a national scandal news. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from News: https://www.news.com.au/finance/real-estate/buying/australias-ghost-suburbs-a-national-scandal/news-story/7e74c62fc314f86a2c8b176f3358d13f
Wednesday, April 22, 2020
Sedimentary Rocks Essays - Sedimentary Rocks, Petrology,
Sedimentary Rocks On Quartz and sedimentary rocks Silicon and oxygen, the two most common chemical elements in the Earth's crust, combine as silicon dioxide to form the mineral quartz. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS, are Rocks that are formed by the compaction of sediments or by the crystallization of the dissolved minerals. Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. Quartz has been found in meteorites and in some rocks collected on the moon. Quartz has the chemical formula SiO2. There are many varieties of quartz, which occurs in nearly all types of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. It is an essential mineral in granites, granodiorites and rhyolites. Metamorphism of quartz-bearing igneous and sedimentary rocks typically increases the amount of quartz and its grain size. Quartz is very resistant to weathering and, therefore, concentrates as sandstones and other detrital rocks. Most sands are weathered fragments of quartz. Sandstone and quartzite are the same materials that are re-lithified (compressed into rock). Quartz has many commercial applications. In science and industry, quartz sand is used for manufacturing sandpaper and other abrasives, polishing powders and soaps. It is used to make building materials, heat-resistant materials known as refractories and for the bearings of precision instruments. Quartz sand is also used in the manufacture of porcelain, glass and metal casting molds. Precision-cut plates of quartz are used for frequency control in radios, TVs, clocks and watches. Compositionally, quartz is usually quite pure, with only traces of other elements like aluminum, sodium, potassium and lithium. Quartz is found as large crystals that are often beautifully colored by impurities. The many varieties of quartz are due to formation of different geometric arrangements of its tetrahedral crystals. This accounts for different crystal structures, and, therefore, different physical properties. To form Quartz sandstone, rock particles & remains of living things are deposited in the sea by rivers and waves. These sediments accumulate layer by layer, over thousands or millions of years, forming thick deposits on land or on the sea floor. The weight of the overlying sediments compact those below. Over time, they form sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually occur in shallow parts of the sea or in lakes in desert areas where evaporation is higher than precipitation. As evaporation takes place, water is lost and the dissolved minerals form crystals. As evaporation continues, more crystals form and accumulate on the sea or lake floor, becoming sedimentary rocks, i.e. coal. They have a layered appearance because the materials that form them are deposited in layers. Plant and animal fossils can be found in many sedimentary rocks. Color: Very variable; frequently red, brown, greenish, yellow, gray, white. Texture: Medium-grained. Usually well sorted, that is grains all about the same size; grains sub angular to rounded (sandstone). Structure: Bedding usually apparent; current bedding and ripple marks common; graded bedding may occur. Concretions and fossils may be found. Mineralogy: Quartz is the main component but is often accompanied by feldspar, mica or other minerals. The grains may be cemented by silica, calcite or iron oxides. Field relations: Sandstones are associated with most other sedimentary rocks. Most sands accumulated either in water, usually the sea, or as wind-blown deposits in arid continental areas. Desert sandstones tend to be red, and the individual sand grains are often almost spherical and polished."
Tuesday, March 17, 2020
Free Essays on Turn Of The Screw
The book, The Turn of the Screw written by Henry James, is about a young woman taking on the position of governess to two orphaned children. Their uncle is their guardian, but he doesnââ¬â¢t live with them or want to be bothered regarding to the children. The previous governess, Miss Jessel, is dead and soon after there is the heart of this story the new governess comes to the house. When the new governess arrives, she meets the housekeeper, Mrs. Grose, who is taking care of the girl, Flora. The boy, Miles, later comes back from school for summer vacation. For the first time, the governess is impressed by innocence and perfect behavior of the children. However she receives the letter from the school saying that Miles is no longer accepted by the school, so she becomes confused. The governess spends almost all the time with the children and she finds them lovely. She confides in Mrs. Grose saying that they are wonderful and innocent children. Everything seems to be perfect until the governess starts seeing a strange man. She tells Mrs. Grose whom she saw, and from the description Mrs. Grose finds out that the man is Peter Quint, the master's previous servant. However, Peter Quint is dead so it must be a ghost. Afterwards, the governess sees the ghost of Miss Jessel. She is convinced that Miles and Flora also see the ghosts of Quint and Jessel, but yet for some reasons they pretend that they do not see the ghosts. The governess is told that Peter Quint and Miss Jessel had an inappropriate relationship - both with each other, and with the children. Mrs. Grose sounds like she does not know much, perhaps she is hesitating to say things she knows, but the governess seems to understand the situations. The governess conveys to the children that she is no harm to th em, and she tries to make them confess that they also see the ghosts. The story goes on until the end with the deal between the governess and the children about the ghosts. At the ver... Free Essays on Turn Of The Screw Free Essays on Turn Of The Screw The book, The Turn of the Screw written by Henry James, is about a young woman taking on the position of governess to two orphaned children. Their uncle is their guardian, but he doesnââ¬â¢t live with them or want to be bothered regarding to the children. The previous governess, Miss Jessel, is dead and soon after there is the heart of this story the new governess comes to the house. When the new governess arrives, she meets the housekeeper, Mrs. Grose, who is taking care of the girl, Flora. The boy, Miles, later comes back from school for summer vacation. For the first time, the governess is impressed by innocence and perfect behavior of the children. However she receives the letter from the school saying that Miles is no longer accepted by the school, so she becomes confused. The governess spends almost all the time with the children and she finds them lovely. She confides in Mrs. Grose saying that they are wonderful and innocent children. Everything seems to be perfect until the governess starts seeing a strange man. She tells Mrs. Grose whom she saw, and from the description Mrs. Grose finds out that the man is Peter Quint, the master's previous servant. However, Peter Quint is dead so it must be a ghost. Afterwards, the governess sees the ghost of Miss Jessel. She is convinced that Miles and Flora also see the ghosts of Quint and Jessel, but yet for some reasons they pretend that they do not see the ghosts. The governess is told that Peter Quint and Miss Jessel had an inappropriate relationship - both with each other, and with the children. Mrs. Grose sounds like she does not know much, perhaps she is hesitating to say things she knows, but the governess seems to understand the situations. The governess conveys to the children that she is no harm to th em, and she tries to make them confess that they also see the ghosts. The story goes on until the end with the deal between the governess and the children about the ghosts. At the ver...
Saturday, February 29, 2020
Change Detection
Introduction Most people are unaware of the changes in their visual environments until attention is drawn directly to those minor changes. Individuals do not often detect changes because of the lack of attention or insignificance of the change. In order for an individual to notice a change like color, location and identity of an object, attention must somehow be drawn to that object. A general conclusion from this body of work is that attention is necessary for detecting change (Rensink et al. , 1997). Being unable to detect a change in an object is called change blindness. Researchers seem to think that change blindness is the cause of many car accidents. Looking away from a road then looking back is a change that is very difficult to perceive which results in quite a few car accidents. Method In this experiment two pictures were represented in modification for each trial. On half of the trials the two pictures were alike but in the other half the pictures changed in some way. For each pair either the pictures appeared instantly after each other or they flickered. The participants in this study consist of a psychology class in the College of Staten Island. In order to start this experiment, students were asked to sign in to their CogLab accounts. To start the first trial of the change detection experiment, participants were required to press the space bar. One picture will appear after the other. The task in this experiment is to detect whether or not there is a change in the two pictures. If the image changes students press the ââ¬Å"câ⬠key but if the image doesnââ¬â¢t change students press the ââ¬Å"nâ⬠key. This test measures our reaction time as well as our ability to detect changes in the pictures. The independent variable in this experiment is was the flicker and no flicker conditions. Two dependent variables were measured which were reaction time and proportion of correct judgments. Reaction time was the time between the appearance of the stimuli and the time that it took participants to make a response. Results It has been predicted that the percentage correct is smaller and the reaction time is slower for the flicker condition the no flicker condition. In the no flicker condition it is easier to identify the change in the picture because the change is almost immediately distinguished. On the other hand, the pictures with the flicker condition, the blank gray leads to changes throughout the picture which results in participants having to look at the picture item by item until the change is noticed. My results show that these predictions are somewhat true. In the flicker condition my reaction time was 11281. 6 ms and the proportion correct of change detected was 0. 625. In the no flicker condition my reaction time was 7667. 143, which is apparently significantly longer than predicted to be, but my proportion correct was . 875 which is slightly greater. Discussion The basic idea of this experiment is that people cannot store many details of a scene in memory. The vital aspect seems to be attention. In order to identify a change in an object, it is necessary to pay attention to that certain object; otherwise no change will be detected. The brain is unable to see a change happening to an element it has not yet stored. Selective attention is a key part in detecting a change in an object, scene or picture. My results for this experiment confirm that divided attention and change detection come hand in hand.
Thursday, February 13, 2020
Market failure and what government can do Essay
Market failure and what government can do - Essay Example Market failure is the failure of the market to yield efficient outcomes. Elaborating further, Stiglitz said that there are six situations in which markets are not efficient and these are referred to as market failures that provide a rationale for government activity.The six conditions in which markets fail to lead to efficient outcomes are those in which competition fails, situation in which public goods are involved, market situations in which there are externalities, situations in which markets are incomplete, situations in which information is imperfect, and situations in which there are macroeconomic disturbances (Stiglitz 2000, p. 77-85). For markets to lead to efficiency, markets must be perfectly competitive (Stiglitz 2000, p. 77). This means that there are no constraints for competition to prevail in the market. Examples of situations in which competition does not prevail are those involving monopolies and oligopolies. Monopolies are market situations in which there is only o ne seller while oligopolies are market situations in which there are only few sellers. Both monopolies and oligopolies can charge consumers prices that are higher than those which can prevail in perfectly competitive market settings.1 Public goods are those whose consumption is non-rival and non-excludable as opposed to private goods whose consumption are rival and excludable. Non-rival means consuming the good will not deprive others of the good. Road services or city lighting services, for example, are goods or services that are not deprived to others when an individual consume or use the good or service. They are also non-excludable in consumption because it is costly, feasible, or impractical to exclude others from consuming or using the good or service. In the literature of economics, economists usually use the term pure private goods and pure public goods to refer to pure cases but they recognize that there are goods in-between or public goods that have private goods character istics as well as private goods that have public goods characteristics. Sometimes, these goods are also referred to as mixed goods.2 Externalities refer to effects on third parties other than the consumer or producer of the product. For example, consumer may use gasoline but parties other than the producer or consumer of the product receive the pollution. Externalities can be positive or something good such as the benefits to the environments of a certain car that does not use fossil fuel or it can be negative like that in car that pollutes the environment. Economic literature holds that when markets are competitive, prices almost equals costs and goods are produced at costs. However, because of externalities, markets can lead to situations in which goods may be overproduced or under-produced, depending on their effects to society.3 Incomplete markets refer to situations in which although the cost of providing the good is less than what consumers are willing to pay, the good is not produced just the same (Stiglitz 2000, p. 81). The situation of incomplete markets implies that there are things missing in the market because otherwise the good or service would have been produced if there is nothing that is missing in the market (Stiglitz 2000, p. 81). Incomplete markets can emerge when complementary services are lacking, transaction costs are too high, and the like (Stiglitz 2000, p. 81-82). It is possible that incomplete markets are one of the least studied market situation in the academic literature. The literature on the topic does not seem many. Information asymmetry or imperfection in information is also another cause for market failure to happen. For example, borrowers can know their risks as borrowers but lenders may not know the risks of lending to the borrowers. In another scenario, investors want to invest but they do not know the potential returns and possible risks in investments and, thus, they are constrained from investing. Finally, many scholars i nterpret
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Reflection on the Development of a Nursing Teacher Essay
Reflection on the Development of a Nursing Teacher - Essay Example This paper describes the highlights from an individual analysis of my competence as a preceptor (Forest, 2004:77-78). Different students have varying learning styles and this gives me the impetus to assess whether I have been able to address the needs of each student (Black, 2004:68). I have to discern the abilities of the students carefully in order to determine whether they have gained the relevant skills. Using the Johnââ¬â¢s reflective model, I embarked on a reflection to identify my progress as a nurse playing the assessment role. Guided by this model, I related to experiences in the workplace, their consequences, and influencing factors and highlighted how such experiences have improved my learning process. Due to the varying learning needs of students, I have allocated different sessions for each student whom I should assess. I give attention to first year students who are new in the course and are taking their first clinical practice. Understanding their personality is ess ential as it helps me determine the best approaches to use to impart skills in each student. (Fleming, McKee, and Huntley-Moore, 2011:450-457). In addition, students need guidelines to help to help them run activities on their own. Understanding the different learning styles and designing appropriate assessment skills will help me become a better preceptor (McDonough and Osterbrink, 2005:89-90). In the future, I should be able to assess each student extensively and help him or her improve in learning the relevant nursing skills. From my own learning orientation, I can present concepts effectively and then advance to giving details of the concepts. However, I realize that this puts off analytic learners who expect a stepwise presentation of ideas so that they can construct the complete picture. I have to broaden my assessment methods and rise above the challenge. Experience has taught me how to address the different personality types in assessment. Endowed with characteristics of an introvert, it becomes demanding to design effective modules for students who are extroverts, as they need more interactive sessions (Li, Chen and Tsai, 2008:71-74). However, I have been trying to give students group work tasks on critical issues at times in order to address the needs of judging extroverts. Feelers need a more sensitive approach that will create a favorable learning environment. Understanding the varying needs prompts me to use a more integrative assessment approach. Through this understanding, it becomes easier for me to develop strategies and standards of assessment. A nurse preceptor has the responsibility of nurturing the traits of a good nurse in the learners. I realize the importance of this and I have been presenting them with tasks that build patience and compassion. Nurses should be able to nurture well and possession of this trait prompts many students to take up nursing after their personality type tests (Li, Chen and Tsai, 2008:71-74). As an assessor, I s hould complement this trait with a critical understanding of the nursing practice in the students. An efficient nurse should be able to make critical judgment on different occasions. In order to build this criticality in making judgment, i present my students with critical tasks each week in which they describe their actions and ethics and values that dictated their decisions in each task. The most important aspect I have learned as a nurse teacher is that facilitation of the learning process is more effective
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